The Unfinished Business of CRISPR: Gene Editing's Promise Meets Its Most Stubborn Adversary — Biology Itself
CRISPR-Cas9 rewrote the rules of molecular biology and ignited a generation of clinical ambition. But as the first wave of gene-editing therapies reaches patients, the field is confronting a harder truth: cutting the genome with precision is not the same as controlling what happens next. Off-target edits, immune reactions, and mosaic mutations remain unresolved challenges that are reshaping how scientists, clinicians, and regulators think about deploying these tools in human medicine.